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Validation

SprintAI
Validation

This validation study involved the simultaneous collection of video and marker data using a single iPhone and an 8-camera Qualisys marker-based motion capture system, during acceleration and maximum velocity sprinting, across three athletes.

Pose estimation

Built on Pose2Sim and Sports2D

SprintAI's pose estimation core is built on Sports2D and Pose2Sim, open-source tools developed by David Pagnon and colleagues that combine deep-learning pose estimation with OpenSim musculoskeletal inverse kinematics. Their accuracy and robustness have been reported in peer-reviewed studies.

Accuracy
3 to 4°
Mean joint angle error against a 20-camera marker-based system
Walking3.0°
Running4.1°
Cycling4.0°
Waveform agreement CMC > 0.9 (sagittal)ROM error 2.3 to 4.3°
Pagnon et al., 2022, Sensors · one participant, 8 cameras
Robustness
≤ 1.6°
Change in joint angles when recording conditions are degraded
Lower image quality1.5°
4 instead of 8 cameras0.9°
1 cm calibration error0.2°
Stride-to-stride SD 1.7 to 3.2°
Pagnon et al., 2021, Sensors · walking, sagittal plane
Bar scale 0 to 5°

The Pose2Sim studies used multi-camera 3D reconstruction. SprintAI uses a single camera, so its own accuracy against Qualisys is reported below.

  1. Pagnon, D., Domalain, M., & Reveret, L. (2022). Pose2Sim: An open-source Python package for multiview markerless kinematics. Journal of Open Source Software, 7(77), 4362.
  2. Pagnon, D., Domalain, M., & Reveret, L. (2021). Pose2Sim: An End-to-End Workflow for 3D Markerless Sports Kinematics, Part 1: Robustness. Sensors, 21(19), 6530.
  3. Pagnon, D., Domalain, M., & Reveret, L. (2022). Pose2Sim: An End-to-End Workflow for 3D Markerless Sports Kinematics, Part 2: Accuracy. Sensors, 22(7), 2712.
  4. Pagnon, D., & Kim, H. M. (2024). Sports2D: Compute 2D human pose and angles from a video or a webcam. Journal of Open Source Software, 9(101), 6849.
Joint kinematics

One iPhone against an 8‑camera lab

Hip, knee and ankle angles through the full step, SprintAI against 8-camera Qualisys motion capture.

SprintAI · acceleration (5.6 to 7.2 m/s) SprintAI · max velocity (6.6 to 8.6 m/s) Published · independent Published · system developers

Tracking error

RMSE beside published OpenCap values (2 cameras) as reported.

Step-to-step precision

Between-system SEM, beside Crespeau et al. (2026), sprinting with an 8‑camera markerless system.

Performance KPIs

KPI agreement by category

Agreement between SprintAI and Qualisys for spatiotemporal and kinematic KPIs, grouped by category. Values are the median absolute bias of the KPIs in each category, in native units and as a percentage of the Qualisys mean. Select a category to view individual KPIs.

Median absolute bias (% of Qualisys mean)